ࡱ> F@.6҈Td@k!=_JFIFddC     C   " }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?bAÒQ +gk itkriP6x+G$318Der*;x5:tMCIemeE~KL")rw| 5Ta7n~WȻk/KܷW>wk (z~xƿgYOC%0P 4$`1k }^6ɪIjR[}ŀ sWFKJ5K5]ב)Δ&Ђ+(&QQHizGGzJZNQ@j)-@ E J^wK3AJQt(EQA{PzPP9ќPi /c( Qց@EMww-7dg.zj*(:QE Ȭɑ)#?#_r~_iZohQYuN]3LNO PI 5-~o4b-CN:_|-qmtml&{9ViW*$HƾG ū˟+DL$6Ӝ@9K^WRpTd ݻ_be*I7 ъ S:R Z(ht!h@ Kފ(hGzf1@EEf :Ef@Q?w(C@ EhhQEh(hR[Zy:Co3,qfcZ6 \^WKj )5⭲d+bo%A:~ 8YbE}Dp<;ſWğ4wŋ-GyF쬥YN VЫ w2% $!C>  VPnLCsȓ<_});[i~st>OL3M^Gmi rU6!N+ty|*4ҼO%OyssgB+6o9\_ )'(YT%u?ڤWHGu?<_^,>m[On&UpoCx.98$2 }o|*tM#Ss:sG|͟ߠ/J3^pˊUywo+}[^-Y^+A>T}{UᏈ~-h[Qy/*6.7@GS^ ̳mK_9__rOeBҒN3ʥ׏=*nK6|E}?`ύ,R3Ibrl)q3ooϞҚ~?5㔿5_&L.n7|g4B m'0/ȯm[_9Ocɿ.?_s>z&B m" mMAt%a2J+o`_x^r꟰-L/|7m /q4vͱK1fZq~z?CŶ>堽/"c F1aU&*T:m쑜b%sbW?Wf?Wc.ϩ}g 5>>ŷ%1L,nBTZf |<-xͭmaW yb꜠h3%-TbpV}I{u xWsHǠ0h mlz8/,wx-?sJbcyoᧈNJmWiQe&e$!b4Ӵ{?ə5;~L]&;]&--ifC(c=>>}~.k5!`BW?qܒN8cm7h }kytt-d znLcת&$JF2 "k&p-jcyd-:dz:L*g89q'>c Ԟ/> S]RyZVh_'7vFw%I=%hХB*4C ԝGyc47'jvVyQ~y5{A6 C! XĪG"09kC'5CNbG]GhZ?r?o?˩߭meL'5,rJh+٪1V^*9e4!]F-fsOoڄG&h4/Qut6vmCWElP;g5X Es̪{Y3ؗÃğσbrDV|u _Zm[)pH Jp~J(_sf%U#F/_7wXf. Ţ4_ EQpWT_ANeE9W5#վ=Y骻SJ O? ?ì?ϡ;| ߩGS%ݥ)c_~(^ i+o-:~I6-_?t9|M:<eU%UQ?xi}S,j%h&{l:Ekrs~M_[ zUkl @˹y5kR {[ዳ~^ZUo>b}oO|ҏO:Zfi7WEl?5Gk׏s$/ܤnRB0poºή>kpf?~jT//Yv51PsN?Z 8/՟e[F/VT~pFi:PEzټsPvXe^A~,2}Nk:(9ˡ:nS?_|С^IjP$;p^{͊5OP>_QQ]OЂO#*kK k|܌CF<_%WM+įk̎I!!/*c=5oR5m$rxU<C_]=$Tu궆{C.gم72l]w$ +^t*ݘgB9'h$/kV'u̸菺?O^v:}Gmo+UיڌvGW4gmk3057n?Mۏ6_2H$` \sgK-s^lMD#}7upkij 嗴+̽1@håQJ)~eϛ~󑖙~/E^i KXlpAL(li U՝xI KIr~.-‡o%299Z~4_]{Ox5x%bVlX(kV0q1Ɯ\+=L?SօwK~>_V'?M=o[>%RiCUa%E|&qmp1M6 gd}E|}:sJOKĢ|Ka7xSC.$,pނ0z9?r0@ϥM<5xŖ7wҲE")fv!@޸)SYZ;e][C cb3 c^YiVCag@QdJWӖ]68X nX#NрV>$577|;|q+tjއR+KGb-/vz H[8 \3ZŵhAm!Oh5N)ZSvw0 3ҊOs_i>!FԃZ9c;Cd) ჃEyZpӞҿtaNu.XϮu/S_4 x_xW^]EĦ?)yr90TX_YxKlVv, YYp6]\vW60/?6g5Ԑ=@6C%w4zWo|u? ^^"F_2Χ r6=aK39JPIMroU읗dsB2J*{;/<ڎ3k'oԾ)kzM/Oi[iCW"piMof"s}f#_xԋե }? $k#ߊY&qYJXq/+_?"Db+k=ހ1{I O&tTu wԊq2 W< KC+:g9}iy[N~/Z:QW?ln?k 9/ud IL.i$ؿ<^76$ CJ,턾n[*#%:S+3խMt7k?ΥW1M#WNۚBjxVozz]>2qso)O>:PĬݶENZ# S)n xKO+6uK{[sHvAF၌uvg?\-jjsg,>Xnϧ)XPAVR2#i_7~_W,/g2e/'@e9?@y9MV.掬 X0 ~Gb4xΣbhaW' n9 7dyv5%: `2_ r>,`y$#>}b|zӫΦCQqM}6(8Ǭlc3{y#-w|;3)_m3Y\NfPxv _k(OO i0}'d|o64y'~ 2;}֊(+#烵%/J z-9)i.kE}E]_3~v-, 7kh[wY_`읻pwk~1/ejINOq~5_Z֑\+ Ud`  kJ FI]9E;QO-x6*R8 S$u^3{넂'y8s1} ᾭN>iv\> uO~Ӽ#`|)f±?ur9a-N2}Q^g_L?~5jŦiSI# ctrلiUG4-%0U̴2)۹.dZ}(VWټp]]I,2,U*׉2N4O^ly֍3ї#3-.fin,-.e $#` [iWk[;kI-HP*-_g(K潕⟈sx@mtAcm2   !!i^5fC_&PN4ܪ{uo[i̖ b)}ӷ~ EahRPN:cb s:B?~[[ck#ƃ[𾥯Ei]&3"*$e@$: ko.?!ٽl/ԫ)6I]+o~8.b*F-imz@|zאZ$.?ֿ V qWNU2._~D?${r+oO2]!:_ߋiM[Lx[xنT*R*<\]۵c60cOQI+g~ԝiz+:N} mg<W unIgO#&J!3߽~Iq[RJIA9;s&],|1*0ԯ%Wnex>#+5G5?"5_&uo/?v"=ƏyQ yTMB._?|!/=q~+ƿcG Q yP?uo/|!/>P5OfxN F{y ~هG}om1!]ZR *;OM] [N$QN8^WI&xÞqQFmK=sC4uH=s>0B5xA5wC8w9.~9/}.#.$1'3(2(2'3*8/%(-$+#-$!"$##'(!'!,%   #% '"                     ϻĬ%&')ϱ-//11568*1;459239<@~A{DvIwJzFsIqMuGoKpL~mQoO~jPkQkOxfVvbUyaUu`VuaXo_Z΁BtRNSbKGDHIDATxch!0PXŭ-aI5-6UU5p7n SUqQَE7l*);Ph2%V5V\_S~qج+jjZq(nKࠧ:' \[pݳt:a:,q\/jaIu7TaW\xB.rtTQjd7ϊB%'"azv{-}kPԶU{zaU\v@ EqS1W\_x5թYREq[ P">nel[&/#[jj\P\T=[t"[AT%l9&\ɪզOW]UU%R"pni f";FAz w1R_WUg%wm}`r]eu-8<̂u.;fPfe {I 4CNإm<`)i *K)o.hih6O͌n*:Bb\/F^`IENDB`nP h2F(PNG  IHDRPPsBITO`PLTEY_] UŲx]|Զj“ "!FՔpxvAED[c,mεAbKGDH~IDATxYksE yzd2I&n_CM(BӫW0٬1[jyu|9ҏAۏfJ&-M'7i?uȖ,O e1`7M8?m i7kOiue.ťX7jᣎf_d(*Mǁifo,EIgf+ayGHk1]67a[-|야j]NHAw{( =eY yKwKlx"]SR r7b'q8vk5WւSzfh^ UValNE|42p Û#b`v4@vVH`+ Ó a|h="#_$,}}GV[띪XN-ƹ{4JfwEQ]yq)ֶ^y5z>Z/q~0?"|gx^5< ?}Y1syϣ|'K}8*0~8/HNb(\.]_q > g @-)AYuYѻ႔$eZ/ N ^J7Dđ!ps+ݧ @zz ͂}@ 8z] a:6pdsRj}98 akE`8=crq@ q䑸8:fJπ6J'% @ub.9W'a0np8Ƒ4AߌBHÑDkJ@G32iOAXtN"d@ :PS2h$L}D)dHK~ )fK km!^9fѻk9ZSZ Lb1c ŭelcPԡ*L <')#^R"3#[-?A_Ē98Er ҄hipmI=$[M+@,eX 酤C4=lhJtoW5r|,+A CA }/mqހ$yu.Sz`k GQ`ɖ'KaiIV.b9dV#AE'ejŒE1((  # |DI 8]p_Te)S ֏T7A-^x[ ^iWR޻FBC#(m>PgLg.s8 [lh<P60䢳`k 'J΅ H,XBXn=NԁǏ7XSqÁ0M,a 2husXzS[퐋e k ^}:Go0vt.d#/ʌK+,IENDB`F?҆rXq!AęJFIFddDuckyK&Adobed +?     Z  0!1@"P2AB35 !1A" 0Qaq2Rb34Br#@$PCSc%1!2a PAQ`pq0@"Bb!1AQa q0@P SsFT1*xCTLN&LL3Zp t%P1jgeKGf$j35~-_\PZ-ڜ@挊P*|0?=}OvK*B{>M7ty6յK6oF]*4YUډ"LJmm8 VmuNE#ʋib-1H!șo?sՉq6}*+N|WCfZFV;]LڻfR]z>s94yyGS}N2[(fgtef١Ϯ>[%:m\JəF^#D3Ԯb1=mF篩]pt OO=.F/]CvyorͨF+z& VcFIUs;vzYoxcϣ8Eth3Ph3r%س26moV(V]$IBm>+9;O79zmVNp%ov}m,+ɻ0tV/IԾg?uׇ Ҳ[~o^OWk/E1˵ȗ"];Zr٠ϫWu[Re篩]]n6gd5bޗ!>jeV]X\D[ϯ[s2kyTsm*~WqȐcK3Q t;&:= ֬$&PCص&똕t%VzƧEMtnK^HlO{EjkՍupGdDLTleIԅűmjr28V>fԓ[N1NSe\32յ3v,lN#PM+[;`-Ο"گeuڮbh6`OCQk|Ν"]s]_XJdϾR&Ml/<ۊ2tBV۠Cv-l[hGBzΨkqg)ۮ,GSuFY[M=y.AOo uTW*yS:%U:mdY=t)[lu۝d<{;@t"UgO;YAA_@aL6ک[UnuVзUoUu\eSN:c:,|v\N je7(B'XmKQLnmjX*[vKo֑v.-*Yw&<>;LEYMڗWFw M*ջa1׌e˼:Ɏ"Imw&Z4.jKvQKFݍEbXIpi17;Q}aub~qu۸Mjj`sUAZ!OK{FN)&|ǢYxJ~a.`g306ٻ[Ke xx9fxN38K//1z8^]K;]OA1ฝoLjgcxܫY+![oDT\c{(9BM i"O2Ǯ1<*kئu<3rbMh LIڛG׸ikd9=-;vY|^OcYq9/,>aiBlcwV9ᶖYA7VֵsCXݵޫ#<8[.La#sD7p}:<˾ /ٰ/񥉼g]0'ikʣw qF`Geeq[=v1ƮuhPLb,s^,cUjHd ie/qpk+oUkm\`}xѴۆd|,8Sudo-y\19 ArZ36lK.Qy.n9AFFcgTniľ.C%m[ϑ-wv +i&S+=֒Msw|l^hNV\%~C#w] CC&TE`T](SEM(@S.]]_t֊W@QA8AtGnr7}~}}kK]!C#prI />fJZVKwK/*r+H_ }nBuξ} ן:f+˙yr*Uȼ~D'zw]-n+qUU͡\{{Y7p¢V|ej'n_Gedf;F=>v9>f%iNm{\[~sQA95=4rbz9EEEmT*!VhUQTTҚ khJ Tt;@nUѫƥUWA Qm[t*QN"7ؠ/BuT-oB*!A]#ZAko%סCҵLn@ Q7VGk 6QP62+)ۥ UP >n آؘj!X= P]+ F jNT.*{-A;yq(QyU]"kVU8&V9AUPz:5]AkUU]ZkEEEDBh:>NWW `^ ^ x/@b^ XOƼ(W b^ +…W 8B^A fme^4kb1x5b1vZEEEE-l hT{n[˂zn9nU.O;sý/<"S xZ~y"= O?~݇^0Wn4M&'?/ݒhn4M&CvI$ݒhn47XCuߩ$ݒhn$ݒhnNA7dM{ 7XcvIn6&ؒI$IfZzh7ۜ*(uQ}y\p D-(DLu-mZ֕TQ||W#y'"Rx!E'~J?1W_//”Au+PG_W5d'S} zrU%|3b}NYf?4ܯึ XeN`:w{aA\_ ws`=B"ېEȹr.Eȹ r̋r "FAAԠ9ȫ,\)!k'S f??|+e)՟/3ʶĿRS_.\GO4?eNK22a1KeBa !{w3nxJ@N%ik$|Ey<4/Y=ޔjFZr>jk8#DHmdm-NSL a/1O-JDCVj!O. o'O9KfxS!Lx )qmA mff6N|7w/j%wIeχtٟMАP,.q-ұ6w?f]/Kɡ?6 \>Lbv7ڟδ}V1ZZ?iJǔE4*Kr3VB`"m# LE( qp?8BJ5אL*M{7@G=m/eInIRj (;U"^QM*4Os+DR>x=\dRsOW-&1=1b# X#`0G%i",ͪ%JAplˍQ1(TNR9 UmД/}ǁ6aŷkɏ.w/}~0SXlʿN}Rҟ/`SKK2Ts(;}0!1$sN R[Z}WﴔG}#pW]ިݨmҐ$KW.^Jo97ut\vBòop]˺$'eRiRUA9y8uS"SISYMB̡?)'*QvϺ%T'NQuW `۫nJUZI5ָ{vV_8p1(!ԬL)ʔ)QIBww.D~ti\8wjHN15 !sXI)B\⯍p\!{X[R.[vIy:InOc=6UZH'䄐A\BpQJ4* g4ՄӐti4ZUhbG4C1 GF=r L8b rH Ąn pm~T7!:r(XpL,ye,E_B!@d!)#oW-x0Xm)EkRԭ/-0*CKǽ&G,}7z>[*jzQ_vwDn{7=o}7z>ƿz03Wi4Fր))]ݵCHJ3-[+oh2.5!4}?~rimU,$L>U6BjXPƿL|0PE&qf:`A)HVX7L۸[q ʑ)$blj~ m+\)mZ%"g(nM$-cP8iLw;Lw;Lw;Lw;Lw;Lw;Lw{Lm10c838x2IH&h U18U˨ZE\%m!` s٧(ޖj@7%mq$PPXHJ7Zؽj*`)\tˮ,Tح ݦm( e ``4S$ȨҪ~*6/$N3C軻y͊L)m-Hm2sT12Ӣ-vvf}NYmuƪwV ;5dAHҔcn[1FStEmM -%K2hu[y(qx eεOF0a뙘m)EZjG10HJL&IYޛe,խ2q047PY֍a[-MVZ~ػ]QH OnKzVxr`-@/.6`%6[U*!8}n2Aiԩr77/wze U2$1 r]I J :KLA9v݄5pnډ%_ iA-8ɻb- 6Dr3 q7lFkqLvMYx)$ Mq>ۊQ/.2%*)/5h<g?!A}h6@Y!Ӝ a(7&<'Q1h%n4,\ꥎ ͐}4?!ja YΝv+a 2+5?8 XzD-ʴۧ x\Sg-z;R"z\kc|K%ZƢ -$Sp K8/4d! y!7# ]NB8C\)sѱo B ڲ͒OBa.Q%ppS-\(7R\cs.a%-  -*k_BuC~ʱؤB!EuW5ۓ8gο@-SAR]Y) tbKzPi&WZ$nDYZ=k*u)H`wh"NrM;+0B@SЦIȚ=6F̝>5( ȥ+I *9=ng0xsԄQ0}xK@IJʁz"x5 IQj.vDj%'@BU L9z&}fP۶Ҙqˑkg}l,gEhr*~{4&Tjk@bT~y~bSH}W ?%;'njDw=JǻԨam[ˈ뺨:_i3 "91F$hxA=>MHXibL<;3c9W3T8\Kj Ak ,OD.\|Nfש^ |/c)I~ ZÅH(&fn=tXmu5*߷kJgMp߭\/z|` `ԥjU( _n= o=a72k?|%Z>2^>'C?~? ?|C?|CCu"](yoa ˅wMe'{fICᓗؽ̕b;;_X,;΋v??6}WޱAʛzL[/<'0l PlZu.SKҁ͑ =B(zW w~1aD.Oy- {iȲOnI^c\ۼ?nY;Vkw)m̶7gқn}y"Œ̺.Zb:X}D !=&ei=3%V!`H=e0qWqJ|J0Bi\E5-SR"1+Ÿ[[duHB+]RRtAx f7P`M@Bot'JiՈ@UyANf(;␡H&7y&bW_ A+~e+;Oݰ2_A¬/dXSSF 9nj(0P-Rrk 1t{[#m`сL{Yʂx 5`/kEB`k,Uԋ0@F)a8C"Ճ/l3a۴:e`[x Al@ ddt C$`le+q^ނDȉP%?8ZJCayǃj_dw{C&SO(~@?/M5p4'l?F_[d8.Ybop >f\F7Nk52`C{oh`9>jH Ų%䑑k[.鳣tEՌ.$YmRWp)Jj̈́Z]N 08qLL4Jtz@#USZih2CcinI Z.`@ aFhn23) LMItY~ޓͭcl,v?߅( H<̌7Ze^ OA4]Z\DA]`gUfkXh?yjxg%7sqc$ȂqK2Qҝ:cl4v:PEHJ. `Jh-턵apn[ ,rd?x Q4ZQvk pG "(+)Z@UȃїXҳD*(dsP>X"eL>)ij/*_k?2ke^뗈^%/ü4ue=>>7}`]?g+?F*%I8sp(1<_3 ѰҀinUQ~FYuvV=cd{!h%Zo@D"#+a9J;Ol{" @/'Sf}ҢԃH":fuz}qˬFաBSYQ£քWLðF:ȲS'bz16.ulAF8r}֗l(Vv%s8:*(Nd7\ ;(A@dpKKLI]P^A5m"uZF5 #0(V5LD!6iyoiosg X% S |dV[Wԁ '8rg3~DTvQs!.E+* ]҆r+D*e\F!a#Xhm]`)(E!U`*u47Iz#waA|:W{JS atSiv쇪_9AsqMA)Iu8xx4^jjXZ,J&k3g'LA毋ز Q"Kh5nA { x:9Al~gKIECUtB:9oF]B蔍yMVNM'K<u !Sl hG #\C?y(!+/BA!zkבKͭn_Xu =^A-J o04JUrIъ̦0~X`pRp!f]rUS-(b'KD{TZix 6(o~rXVW:_Lq0 [cF*pPjS'!"*aJ,(WdX01qTm$ 4L)]ĺ=naA9@n Z>: 6)7IXF$ l ٿa+}L1jr5 \v $k|CDdtgn y]NL(&mf6QD!Bq</Cm?sd=sCs>?S i98pm!B?gDŽEbLdK[9 z|hgGG7 h *"̶DIDcl"\aV A Umnsb,ˡ$x38B Y7ppy~8ַOo;.%}un w2[eS6o)xۏ._,c=CAпrVv&o؛:̬k|ǛBAQ Df)~F1J`w.W%R;TˡPZ1Lz;,qfGEMu79i9MNV[vcQ*R&:=ϙ~Ԭs?*T W[|#R > n˚ S9›o<d_73D^AC=f}j@F+>E(Oxj1oSIkU]*~02! LŹLo_u3,]8XbDw˼Kc8iO%Pw6|jDnwG8s Ke:thQ %zqRav5PUq!682pP#nAnJѧD. X\##+ !{Pk4d7uzpD/7BVBЪoaSceg<7UH-hd%Ez.>u@"=bU8zOUC1VU{U%V?BY 2y474Eu2cK|#]GQ5sDZa*R%.R >~s#uu_uaԃNdZ*[N`%*<QVPgE-l;Pn$Uɇf 05q.+<0"^Z]J9pf %h+'T%wpL{y4gA4'*XŋheRDݗ+ 6 keʬ!LԍshGnj.Iş䶂1z-B'%96X) h uG.X7N^54=阡_`T8 h%-r)3iPq`ܼʭ@wSULi:7; ,4/->Vo,9!:7r7H^3Mf5q@ }?嘉\-/* !Ȑ/RXelEϫ8OmKՒC̢XPS Q % D.5ˎȱDD ˋ rAy1x\a 5Y_xs*%ً=̱Y4U4!0F!ഁZ%į_<,'FQfV4ԠeL{_?k'( %{uWa$Z.t"?Ң]37DeEe~|cJ3&Vzhq-^*MYacZ ^U/r+o퉡 k}QIn<-=L/]bY`"f)nz7pR p#.]͗:tL;KԬ]\U:ĂƇefV:c{cфӧdkOhD؇}Lq.KE1U~dxHFX;m6뮻j}uTk3B7SZ@9⽀(wM GuHꘌXV"/0{%./8AwCRNE6yK;vr IIDWhyr$_ÓߕU6Ϭq2-Xoa1?p϶+AچuNs( [/s˴,z=؅e.m,&*;^ƒ\?+*̙;ܖ[i۽ \LSzQ ookkx6 b91H5ׯ=Tt]Wo[Ng5Q9j^UO`j\=iUdw6^`0=S9zyɌ_NҭȄ纰gpcj=)ڃ(51Nii65=Hc1c1 (`/x ^/ 00DTimes New Romanll{b0DArial Blackmanll{b0" DArialBlackmanll{b00DCalibriackmanll{b0" C .  @n?" dd@  @@`` uY&  6]=Z5 ;-&5U?!!     .3 $+"m $1$2345R$6҈Td@k!=_H.b$= Z9<DH.$$$b$h2F(X 4$$$$$$$$R$҆rXq!Aę?= 0AA f33zwk@d g4EdEd` b0p@p`<4BdBd8i0l{<4!d!d8i0l{g4GdGd b0rpp ʚ;ʚ;<4dddd8h08r0___PPT10 pp2___PPT9/ 0? -O =jN;<>It does not seek to interfere with government applications where specific forms are already prescribed etc It does not deal with whatever happens voluntarily within a closed system. Parties agree amongst themselves. E.g. banks, insurance companies etc But it shares the concerns covered in W-SPES- & & & .. one of the primary aims is to guarantee the interoperability of electronic signatures products& ... Essential requirements must be met in order to ensure free movement within the internal market and to build trust in Electronic Signatures.     ?@X@ZA[BS.kOWhat was the Leuven Report? E&     lP^What was the  SPES view on the Leuven Report ? .0/GE&    mQ@What are the current forces at work and how does W-SPES fit in? .A@GE A oRsummary  P  0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd%*|?" dd% " % 9L n?" dd@   @@``PR   % 9 L` p>>^N0 X P  (    T׍TxTx P  T Click to edit Master title style! !4  N`ڍTxTx   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S   N܍TxTx `  v* %%%99LL  NXTxTx `T    x* %%%99LL  NTxTx `x  x* %%%99LL`  s *" `^  C (Aeu logo" ^   C (Aeu logo" B`X   C "A logo" 4   TTxTx"6L0 *Setting Processes for Electronic Signature*+*  + %%%99LLr   C <A$logo_eten_small_b"M`B  s *@޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + $Blank Presentation$0 @t4( w t  t N,r<<     t*  j55jj  t Nw<< E/  v*  j55jjd t c $ ?OR 8 t N@<< M[)  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!    S  t T<<  x   t*  j55jj t T<< E/x  v*  j55jjH t 0Crll ? ̙3380___PPT10.IpR 0(0(    0     `*   0 D.  b*   6  w   `*   6 D.w  b* H  0Crll ? 3380___PPT10.XЩN< 0^N0 - |tP(    HoTxTx@dl' ,$ 0 BThe  W-SPES Project and the  Leuven Report on the Electronic Signatures Directive  Putting the Project in context. Dr Shaun Topham Sheffield City Council, UKt +  + %%%99LLJ  C "A logo`d  C <A$logo_eten_small_bf YWV  C .Asheff logo `B  s *@޽h ? ̙33 ___PPT10+tD' t= @B DR' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*+8+0+0 +0^N0 `(  ^  ThWTxTx   Putting the project in context. To cover:  Why the Electronic Signatures Directive?  What were the objectives of SPES and W-SPES?  What was the Leuven Report?  What is the SPES response to the Leuven Report?  How does W-SPES fit in with  What Next? p "CA@  ,  7 H  0@޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.`b  0^N0  p (  `  s *" `^  C (Aeu logo" ^  C (Aeu logo" B`4  TTxTx"6L0 *Setting Processes for Electronic Signature*+*  + %%%99LL   HTxTxw pScope of the Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC The purpose of the Directive was to facilitate the use of electronic signatures and to contribute to their legal recognition To establish a legal framework for electronic signatures and certain certification services in order to ensure the proper functioning of the Internal market. It does not regulate the legal recognition entirely, but only seeks to  contribute and  facilitate their use . It is seeking to establish a common legal framework rather than a mixture of national laws in this domain. It is The Electronic Commerce Directive which deals with contracts etc.9B7D { %%%99LLH  0@޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.L+D=' = @B +# 0^N0  O(     `TxTx  <$ 0  /   HTxTxC,$ 0  The Directive(   %%%99LLH  0@޽h ? ̙33___PPT10.N@+MD0'  = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D"' =%(%(D+' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*k%(D' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_wBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*kD' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*kD+' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*k%(D' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_wBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*kD' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*kD+' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_wBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?dCB2/3*#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* D' =%(D' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* +p+0+0 ++0+  +x 0^N0 u(    HlTxTxp$ To accelerate the introduction of the digital signature in public administrations. To develop Applications/Services through a cross-fertilisation process amongst the partners. To integrate the digital signature into these applications. To implement a model organisational structure for the registration authority issuing/managing the digital certificates. To ensure that a certificate released in one country by a Trusted Third Party can be accepted all over Europe RTZZ$A   %%%99LL1  H7TxTx*2C,$ 0 SPES Objectives(  %%%99LLH  0@޽h ? ̙33#___PPT10.Ss1+,D'  = @B DR' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*+8+0+0 ++ 0^N0 ((  3  HTxTx*2C,$ 0 W-SPES Objectives(  %%%99LL  0{j` Uto extend the scope of SPES and pursue for improved and broader results across European countries. to encourage mutual co-operation and replication of experiences. to consolidate the use of digital signature and strong authentication. to identify and classify the knowledge deriving from the SPES project. to set up a number of interactive and secure electronic services which require strong authentication and/or digital signature. to consolidate the SPES CA cross-recognition scheme.,`   sH  0@޽h ? ̙33#___PPT10.TPcB+|D' j= @B DR' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBB B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_hBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*+8+0+0 +s0^N0 `|[(  |@ | 0 /? tDigital Signature schemes (PKI) are becoming the key to secure advanced citizens services on the Internet & info-kiosks Interoperability between local solutions thus becomes more and more important The question is:  How do we ensure that citizens from one EU country can access services from another EU country ? <;^ ;  | TԃTxTx P W The problem   H | 0@޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.W 0^N0 p(  v  0 PH@___PPT9" *To propose a practical technical approach to facilitate the introduction of European on-line services which will: Accept digital certificates issued by different European CA s To uniquely associate the provided digital certificate with the physical identity of the service user4r r&  g tW90  T<TxTx P ]SPES objectives/1  H  0@޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.WP0^N0  (  |  0  `Identifying the major obstacles to interoperability between CA solutions: Cooperation between CA s is difficult due to many factors. The cooperation must be kept as simple as possible ID information stored on cards differs from country to country. Alternative methods of identification must be found for on-line identification of the user Development of a set of tools to deal with the interoperability problem in a pragmatic mannerrJ ^J;3@[^&^  O   TDTxTx P ]SPES objectives/2  H  0@޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.WU+D='  = @B +0^N0 ,$@T(  T T NTxTx <PH@___PPT9" Summary of SPES Interoperability approach Digital Signature & Strong Authentication Digital signature verification tool Centralised authentication server Using of EUPKI CA/RA Open source tools (W-SPES) Cross recognition among CAs SPES recognised CAs Trusted list CA / RA standard policies Memorandum of Agreement among the involved CAs Registration procedure before accessing the servicelTx8" x*%)% 8rT      U  4  tv2WC4 %H T 0@޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.U0T 0^N0  ( w l  C lP     0`  $ Within the Electronic Signatures Directive itself was prescribed that a Report should be written evaluating the initial impact that the Directive has had. This was written by a team based at the  International Centre for Law and Information Technology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, led by Professor Joe Dumortier. Entitled  The Legal and Market Aspects of Electronic Signatures  2@  !   E H  0@޽h ? ̙33 0^N0 |t0 ( w l  C $@   `  0@{  This was a document provided in response to a request made of the SPES project team at the Final Review of the SPES Project. The main task of this document was to consider the original Report, not to evaluate it or make a critique of it, but to see in which ways, the experience gained by the partners in the course of the SPES project could help re-enforce the results and conclusions of the Report and to attempt to incorporate some of the  lessons learned to augment the findings of the Leuven team Both the Report and the SPES project had a similar starting position and purpose for their existence. This lies in the context of the lack of interoperability in this field across the EU which in turn is contributing to the failure for this technology to be exploited to the full and for its benefits to be realised for European citizens."^ 2K&  Y H  0@޽h ? ̙33 0^N0 @@( w l  C 8h     0P@ D 2   00 Porvoo Group National eID interoperability Ad-hoc Group. Austria, Estonia etc CIP Programme eTEN PPP Project.Belgium. European Smartcard Charter and its circle. Onom@topic Liberty Alliance, Shibbeleth. 2@ 2Ah         H  0@޽h ? ̙33 0^N0 91P(  l  C P     0D p@  'Still vicious circle of no certificates and so no applications which would need certificatesc Still lack of applications cross border. W Spes approach contributing on many fronts. We should return to this theme at the Final Workshop and hopefully, there will be light at the end of the tunnel.h 2'@ 2'A@O  +   H  0@޽h ? ̙33rp0."; >H? ^9jSXluZ z^ *j@9 o*Ӣo1Oh+'0pO px  ( 4 @ LX`SPESShaun TophamDC:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Blank Presentation.potbfa1140Microsoft PowerPoint@P@,@P,JV@`%*dGNt  &$    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4$A o(o`Eʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___www88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888__888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888__88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888``888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888``88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888eeeeeeeeeeeeeee_ee_ee_ee_ee_ee_ee_ee_eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeemmmm¼eeeef_JRJem0R1sCRJIRl_rlmmmmmmCmmϋeeeR8Yem^8YQm8YfY8smmmmmmmCmmmmm_eee_leJYX_lYYJmezXsYYQermmrrCeeJ_mYlezztyyyye˜☘rmr»eeefsszzstsezmsy_’eeY堓堠sml_eeeCmemrmmlmfmem_eeeeee_eee_eeeeݻݻeefefeeee_eee_eee_eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeܴݼ⵻ݼ282828282828282812182828282828282828282828288Y8Y8Y2YYY2YYY288Y8YYYYY882YYY+2888Y8Y88^8Y8^8Y8^8YY^YYY^YYYzzzzzzzzÚàÚ8282S+2+S+2+S+2+++22S8222+2+S+2+212+S1R2Y+S+S+YYS1S+SRSRY121S+SRS+R+Y82+S+L+S+R+Y1S+Y1Y+YY^Y^Y^YY^YYYzzz堠àà2828++$++++++%$+$%12$+$+$%$1%%+++++%$++Y1%%+$%1Y$2+%$+%S$1++$+$L$%$R1Y+1$+$+$++%+L*+*++F+YY^7YYYYY^XYYYYXzz堠zÚÚÚ8282++2+2%S%2+222+82+%2121818+21212121SYz$S18+YYL+LRS1SRL+Y121Y1Y+SRY2L1RRS1SSYRR+Y8YRzRYY^Y^YzYY^YYYzz堠àààà2828282828282828282828288828282888288Y8YYY28888YYY2YYY8YYY888Y8Y888YYY288Y8Y8^Y^Y^8^8^Y^8^8^YYY^Y^Y^Y^YYYY堠ÚàÚrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrJrmrJrmrJrmrJrrrmrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrٙeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeܻݻܴݼkeekeekeeeekeeekkkekkkݻ⻻ܻܻܻekekekekekekekekekekekkekekekekݵekeeeeekkeݻܻܻܻܻܻܻܻeeekeeekekekllleeekekekݼkeekeeekݵkܻ݋kܻܻܻܻekekekekekeeeܻeeekekeeeeeݴeeݻܻkekܻܻܻܻܼeeekeeekeeeekeeekkeeekݼkeekeekeݴeeekܻekkݑܻݼekekekeeekekekܻkkeekkݻݼekeeݴkݴeeݻݑ⼳ܻܼeeekekܻlekekܵleݑeݻݻݻݼkeekeܑݴeݻݻee݋݊ekeekܻekݻlkeݼݻݻݻݼݼekeݴݻkk⊋keݳݼݼeeekekeeܵܵeelekeekkekkݻݻݼݼݼkeekekkeݻݻܴekkkkekekekeeekeܻeeekekkkݻݻݼݼݼekeeeeekkeeekeeekekekeeeeܻekekkekkݻݻݼݼkeekeeeeeekkeekkkkekekekekekekekekekekeekeeeeeekkkkkeݻݻeeeeeeeeeeeekekekkkݼ՜.+,04    A4 (21x29,7 cm) !M Times New Roman Arial BlackArialCalibriBlank PresentationDiapositiva 1Diapositiva 2Diapositiva 3Diapositiva 4Diapositiva 5Diapositiva 6Diapositiva 7Diapositiva 8Diapositiva 9Diapositiva 10What was the Leuven Report? 0What was the SPES view on the Leuven Report? AWhat are the current forces at work and how does W-SPES fit in? summary Caratteri utilizzatiModello strutturaTitoli diapositive_Kbfa1bfa1  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Pictures}Current UserSummaryInformation(OPowerPoint Document(?oDocumentSummaryInformation8